# Colliders
An Elixir library for detecting whether a bounding box (bbox) meaningfully
overlaps a polygon. Designed for use cases such as checking if an AI model
detection (a bbox) falls within a region of interest (a polygon).
A detection is considered a hit only when the overlap meets a configurable
minimum threshold (default: **5%**).
## How It Works
Colliders uses a two-phase approach for both correctness and performance:
1. **Axis-Aligned Bounding Box (AABB) filter** — Compares the bbox against the
polygon's precomputed axis-aligned bounding box. If the bbox is entirely
outside it, `false` is returned immediately without any further computation.
2. **Sutherland-Hodgman clipping** — If the AABB check passes, the polygon is
clipped to the bbox using the
[Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutherland%E2%80%93Hodgman_algorithm).
The area of the resulting intersection polygon is then compared to the bbox
area to compute the overlap percentage.
## Installation
Add `colliders` to your dependencies in `mix.exs`:
```elixir
def deps do
[
{:colliders, "~> 0.1.2"}
]
end
```
Then fetch dependencies:
```bash
mix deps.get
```
## Usage
### 1. Define your polygon
Use `Colliders.Polygon.new/2` to create a prepared polygon. This precomputes the
polygon's bounding box bounds once, so repeated checks against it are fast.
The points list accepts `%PolygonPoint{}` structs, maps with `x`/`y` keys, or
`{x, y}` tuples.
```elixir
alias Colliders.Polygon
alias Colliders.Types.PolygonPoint
polygon =
Polygon.new([
%PolygonPoint{x: 100, y: 50},
%PolygonPoint{x: 300, y: 50},
%PolygonPoint{x: 300, y: 200},
%PolygonPoint{x: 100, y: 200}
])
```
You can also attach arbitrary metadata to a polygon (e.g. an ID or label):
```elixir
polygon = Polygon.new(points, %{id: "zone_a", label: "Entrance"})
```
### 2. Check if a bounding box hits the polygon
```elixir
alias Colliders
alias Colliders.Types.BBox
# A detection bbox: x/y is the top-left corner, w/h are width and height
bbox = %BBox{x: 295, y: 100, w: 30, h: 40}
Colliders.bbox_intersects_polygon?(bbox, polygon)
# => true
```
The default threshold is **5%** — the bbox must overlap at least 5% of its own
area with the polygon to return `true`.
### 3. Custom threshold
```elixir
# Require at least 50% of the bbox to be inside the polygon
Colliders.bbox_intersects_polygon?(bbox, polygon, 50.0)
```
### 4. Get the exact overlap percentage
```elixir
Colliders.bbox_overlap_percentage(bbox, polygon)
# => 16.666...
```
Returns a float between `0.0` (no overlap) and `100.0` (bbox fully inside the
polygon).
## Types
### `%Colliders.Types.PolygonPoint{}`
A vertex in a polygon.
| Field | Type | Description |
| ----- | ------- | --------------------- |
| `x` | `float` | Horizontal coordinate |
| `y` | `float` | Vertical coordinate |
Use `PolygonPoint.new/1` to build one from a map or tuple — integers are
automatically converted to floats:
```elixir
PolygonPoint.new({10, 20}) # => %PolygonPoint{x: 10.0, y: 20.0}
PolygonPoint.new(%{x: 10.0, y: 20.0}) # => %PolygonPoint{x: 10.0, y: 20.0}
PolygonPoint.new(%{"x" => 10, "y" => 20}) # => %PolygonPoint{x: 10.0, y: 20.0}
```
### `%Colliders.Types.BBox{}`
An axis-aligned bounding box. `x` and `y` are the **top-left corner**.
| Field | Type | Description |
| ----- | ------- | ----------- |
| `x` | `float` | Left edge |
| `y` | `float` | Top edge |
| `w` | `float` | Width |
| `h` | `float` | Height |
Use `BBox.new/1` to build one from a map or tuple:
```elixir
BBox.new({10, 20, 100, 50}) # => %BBox{x: 10.0, y: 20.0, w: 100.0, h: 50.0}
BBox.new(%{x: 10.0, y: 20.0, w: 100.0, h: 50.0}) # => %BBox{x: 10.0, y: 20.0, w: 100.0, h: 50.0}
BBox.new(%{"x" => 10, "y" => 20, "w" => 100, "h" => 50}) # => %BBox{x: 10.0, y: 20.0, w: 100.0, h: 50.0}
```
### `%Colliders.Polygon{}`
A prepared polygon. Create it with `Colliders.Polygon.new/2` — do **not** build
the struct manually, as the precomputed AABB bounds (`min_x`, `max_x`, `min_y`,
`max_y`) will be missing.
| Field | Type | Description |
| -------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------ |
| `points` | `list(PolygonPoint.t())` | Polygon vertices |
| `meta` | `map()` | Arbitrary metadata |
| `min_x` | `float` | Precomputed left bound |
| `max_x` | `float` | Precomputed right bound |
| `min_y` | `float` | Precomputed top bound |
| `max_y` | `float` | Precomputed bottom bound |
## API
### `Colliders.bbox_intersects_polygon?(bbox, polygon, threshold \\ 5.0)`
Returns `true` if at least `threshold`% of the bbox area overlaps the polygon.
### `Colliders.bbox_overlap_percentage(bbox, polygon)`
Returns the percentage of the bbox area that overlaps the polygon, as a float
between `0.0` and `100.0`.
### `Colliders.Polygon.new(points, meta \\ %{})`
Creates a `%Polygon{}` struct, precomputing its AABB bounds. The points list
accepts `%PolygonPoint{}` structs, atom/string-key maps, or `{x, y}` tuples —
all are normalized to `%PolygonPoint{}` with float coordinates. Raises
`ArgumentError` if fewer than 3 points are given.
### `Colliders.Types.PolygonPoint.new(point)`
Creates a `%PolygonPoint{}` from a `{x, y}` tuple, an atom-key map
(`%{x: ..., y: ...}`), or a string-key map (`%{"x" => ..., "y" => ...}`).
Integer values are converted to floats. Raises `ArgumentError` for any other
input.
### `Colliders.Types.BBox.new(coords)`
Creates a `%BBox{}` from a `{x, y, w, h}` tuple, an atom-key map
(`%{x: ..., y: ..., w: ..., h: ...}`), or a string-key map
(`%{"x" => ..., ...}`). Integer values are converted to floats. Raises
`ArgumentError` for any other input.
## Contributing
1. Fork the repository
2. Create a feature branch (`git checkout -b my-feature`)
3. Write tests for your changes
4. Make sure all tests pass (`mix test`)
5. Open a pull request
## License
See [LICENSE](https://github.com/monoflow-ayvu/colliders/blob/main/LICENSE) for
details.
