%%% @doc Client-side MASQUE CONNECT-UDP session over HTTP/2.
%%%
%%% Mirrors `masque_client_session' but uses `erlang_h2' as the
%%% transport. HTTP/2 has no native datagram channel, so every UDP
%%% payload is wrapped in a DATAGRAM capsule (RFC 9297 ยง3.2) and
%%% carried on the CONNECT request stream body alongside any
%%% extension capsules.
-module(masque_h2_client_session).
-behaviour(gen_statem).
-export([start_link/3, start/3, stop/1, info/1]).
-export([send/2, send/3, recv/2, set_mode/2]).
-export([send_capsule/3]).
-export([init/1, callback_mode/0, terminate/3, code_change/4]).
-export([connecting/3, open/3, closing/3]).
-include("masque.hrl").
%% `h2:connect/3' has `sync' / `verify' / `ssl_opts' keys that
%% dialyzer does not see in its published `connect_opts()' type.
%% The scope of the suppression is exactly the single call site
%% (plus the headers builder that feeds it), keeping every other
%% check strict.
-dialyzer({nowarn_function, [do_connect/2, request_headers/1,
build_authority/2, is_ipv6_literal/1]}).
-record(data, {
owner :: pid(),
owner_ref :: reference(),
proxy_host :: binary(),
proxy_port :: inet:port_number(),
target_host :: binary(),
target_port :: 1..65535,
uri_template :: binary(),
capsule_proto :: boolean(),
conn :: pid() | undefined,
stream_id :: non_neg_integer() | undefined,
handshake_from :: gen_statem:from() | undefined,
timeout_ref :: reference() | undefined,
mode :: message | queue,
rx_buf = queue:new() :: queue:queue(binary()),
rx_waiters = queue:new() :: queue:queue({gen_statem:from(), reference()}),
cap_buf = <<>> :: binary(),
max_cap :: pos_integer(),
%% Extra request headers prepended to the CONNECT request.
extra_headers = [] :: [{binary(), binary()}],
%% When set, the conn is owned by a `masque_upstream_owner';
%% teardown releases the stream back to the pool instead of
%% closing the conn.
pool_owner :: pid() | undefined
}).
%%====================================================================
%% API
%%====================================================================
start_link(Target, Opts, Owner) ->
gen_statem:start_link(?MODULE, {Target, Opts, Owner}, []).
start(Target, Opts, Owner) ->
gen_statem:start(?MODULE, {Target, Opts, Owner}, []).
stop(Pid) -> gen_statem:call(Pid, stop, 5000).
info(Pid) -> gen_statem:call(Pid, info, 1000).
send(Pid, Data) ->
send(Pid, ?MASQUE_CONTEXT_ID_UDP, Data).
send(Pid, ContextId, Data) ->
gen_statem:call(Pid, {send, ContextId, Data}).
recv(Pid, Timeout) ->
gen_statem:call(Pid, {recv, Timeout}, Timeout + 500).
set_mode(Pid, Mode) when Mode =:= message; Mode =:= queue ->
gen_statem:call(Pid, {set_mode, Mode}).
send_capsule(Pid, Type, Value) ->
gen_statem:call(Pid, {send_capsule, Type, Value}).
%%====================================================================
%% gen_statem
%%====================================================================
callback_mode() -> state_functions.
init({Target, Opts, Owner}) ->
process_flag(trap_exit, true),
{ProxyHost, ProxyPort} = maps:get(proxy, Opts),
{TargetHost, TargetPort} = Target,
MRef = erlang:monitor(process, Owner),
Mode = maps:get(mode, Opts, message),
MaxCap = maps:get(max_capsule_size, Opts,
?MASQUE_DEFAULT_MAX_CAPSULE_SIZE),
Data = #data{
owner = Owner,
owner_ref = MRef,
proxy_host = to_bin(ProxyHost),
proxy_port = ProxyPort,
target_host = to_bin(TargetHost),
target_port = TargetPort,
uri_template = maps:get(uri_template, Opts,
?MASQUE_DEFAULT_URI_TEMPLATE),
capsule_proto = maps:get(capsule_protocol, Opts, true),
mode = Mode,
max_cap = MaxCap,
extra_headers = sanitise_extra_headers(
maps:get(request_headers, Opts, [])),
pool_owner = maps:get(pool_owner, Opts, undefined)
},
{ok, connecting, Data,
[{next_event, internal, {do_handshake, Opts}}]}.
%%====================================================================
%% States
%%====================================================================
connecting(internal, {do_handshake, Opts}, Data) ->
case do_connect(Data, Opts) of
{ok, Conn, StreamId} ->
Timeout = maps:get(timeout, Opts, 5000),
TRef = erlang:start_timer(Timeout, self(), handshake_timeout),
{keep_state,
Data#data{conn = Conn, stream_id = StreamId,
timeout_ref = TRef}};
{error, Reason} ->
{stop, {handshake_failed, Reason}}
end;
connecting({call, From}, handshake_await, Data) ->
{keep_state, Data#data{handshake_from = From}};
connecting({call, From}, shutdown_write, Data) ->
{keep_state, Data, [{reply, From, {error, not_ready}}]};
connecting({call, From}, {set_owner, NewOwner}, Data) ->
{keep_state, swap_owner(NewOwner, Data), [{reply, From, ok}]};
connecting(info, {h2, _Conn, closed}, Data) ->
reply_handshake(Data, {error, peer_closed}),
{stop, peer_closed};
connecting(info, {h2, _Conn, {response, StreamId, Status, Headers}},
#data{stream_id = StreamId} = Data) ->
cancel_timer(Data#data.timeout_ref),
case Status of
S when S >= 200, S < 300 ->
case validate_response(Headers, Data) of
ok ->
reply_handshake(Data, ok),
{next_state, open,
Data#data{timeout_ref = undefined,
handshake_from = undefined}};
{error, _} = Err ->
reply_handshake(Data, Err),
{stop, element(2, Err)}
end;
_ ->
reply_handshake(Data, {error, {handshake_rejected, Status}}),
{stop, {handshake_rejected, Status}}
end;
connecting(info, {timeout, TRef, handshake_timeout},
#data{timeout_ref = TRef} = Data) ->
reply_handshake(Data, {error, handshake_timeout}),
{stop, handshake_timeout};
connecting(info, {'DOWN', Ref, process, _, _},
#data{owner_ref = Ref}) ->
{stop, owner_gone};
connecting(info, _Msg, Data) ->
{keep_state, Data};
connecting({call, From}, info, Data) ->
{keep_state, Data, [{reply, From, session_info(Data, connecting)}]};
connecting({call, From}, stop, Data) ->
{stop_and_reply, normal, [{reply, From, ok}], Data}.
open({call, From}, info, Data) ->
{keep_state, Data, [{reply, From, session_info(Data, open)}]};
open({call, From}, {send, Payload}, Data) ->
Reply = send_out(Data, ?MASQUE_CONTEXT_ID_UDP, Payload),
{keep_state, Data, [{reply, From, Reply}]};
open({call, From}, {send, Ctx, Payload}, Data) ->
Reply = send_out(Data, Ctx, Payload),
{keep_state, Data, [{reply, From, Reply}]};
open({call, From}, {recv, Timeout}, Data) ->
handle_recv_call(From, Timeout, Data);
open({call, From}, {set_mode, Mode}, Data) ->
{keep_state, Data#data{mode = Mode}, [{reply, From, ok}]};
open({call, From}, shutdown_write, Data) ->
{keep_state, Data, [{reply, From, {error, not_supported}}]};
open({call, From}, {set_owner, NewOwner}, Data) ->
{keep_state, swap_owner(NewOwner, Data), [{reply, From, ok}]};
open({call, From}, {send_capsule, Type, Value}, Data) ->
%% Outbound extension capsules travel on the stream as-is.
Enc = iolist_to_binary(masque_capsule:encode(Type, Value)),
Reply = h2:send_data(Data#data.conn, Data#data.stream_id,
Enc, false),
{keep_state, Data, [{reply, From, Reply}]};
open({call, From}, stop, Data) ->
{next_state, closing, Data,
[{reply, From, ok},
{next_event, internal, do_close}]};
open(info, {h2, _Conn, {data, StreamId, Bytes, Fin}},
#data{stream_id = StreamId, cap_buf = Buf, max_cap = Max} = Data) ->
New = <<Buf/binary, Bytes/binary>>,
case byte_size(New) > Max of
true -> client_stream_abort(capsule_buffer_overflow, Data);
false -> drain_capsules(New, Fin, Data)
end;
open(info, {timeout, TRef, {recv_timeout, From}}, Data) ->
{keep_state, drop_waiter(TRef, From, Data)};
open(info, {h2, _Conn, {stream_reset, StreamId, _ErrorCode}},
#data{stream_id = StreamId} = Data) ->
_ = notify_owner_closed(peer_reset, Data),
{stop, peer_reset, Data};
open(info, {h2, _Conn, closed}, Data) ->
_ = notify_owner_closed(peer_closed, Data),
{stop, peer_closed, Data};
open(info, {'DOWN', Ref, process, _, _},
#data{owner_ref = Ref} = Data) ->
{next_state, closing, Data, [{next_event, internal, do_close}]};
open(info, _Msg, Data) ->
{keep_state, Data}.
closing(internal, do_close, #data{conn = Conn, stream_id = StreamId} = Data) ->
_ = try h2:send_data(Conn, StreamId, <<>>, true) of
ok -> ok;
_ -> try h2:cancel(Conn, StreamId) catch _:_ -> ok end
catch _:_ -> try h2:cancel(Conn, StreamId) catch _:_ -> ok end
end,
_ = session_teardown(Data),
{stop, normal, Data};
closing(_Event, _Msg, Data) ->
{keep_state, Data}.
terminate(_Reason, _State, #data{conn = undefined} = D) ->
cancel_all_waiters(D);
terminate(_Reason, _State, #data{} = D) ->
cancel_all_waiters(D),
_ = session_teardown(D),
ok.
%% Close path abstraction: release the pooled stream back to the
%% owner, or shut down the owned h2 connection.
session_teardown(#data{pool_owner = Pool, stream_id = StreamId})
when is_pid(Pool), is_integer(StreamId) ->
masque_upstream_owner:release_stream(Pool, StreamId);
session_teardown(#data{pool_owner = Pool}) when is_pid(Pool) ->
ok;
session_teardown(#data{conn = Conn}) when is_pid(Conn) ->
_ = (try h2:close(Conn) catch _:_ -> ok end),
ok;
session_teardown(_) ->
ok.
cancel_all_waiters(#data{rx_waiters = Ws}) ->
_ = queue:fold(fun({From, TRef}, _) ->
_ = erlang:cancel_timer(TRef),
gen_statem:reply(From, {error, closed}),
ok
end, ok, Ws),
ok.
code_change(_OldVsn, State, Data, _Extra) ->
{ok, State, Data}.
%%====================================================================
%% Transport-specific (h2)
%%====================================================================
do_connect(#data{pool_owner = PoolOwner} = Data, _Opts)
when is_pid(PoolOwner) ->
ReqHeaders = request_headers(Data),
case masque_upstream_owner:acquire_stream(
PoolOwner, ReqHeaders, self(),
#{protocol => ?MASQUE_CONNECT_UDP_PROTOCOL}) of
{ok, StreamId, Conn} -> {ok, Conn, StreamId};
{error, _} = Err -> Err
end;
do_connect(Data, Opts) ->
SSLOpts = build_ssl_opts(Opts),
ConnOpts = #{
transport => ssl,
ssl_opts => SSLOpts,
sync => true,
verify => maps:get(verify, Opts, verify_none),
timeout => maps:get(timeout, Opts, 5000),
settings => #{enable_connect_protocol => 1}
},
case h2:connect(Data#data.proxy_host,
Data#data.proxy_port,
ConnOpts) of
{ok, Conn} ->
case verify_h2_peer_settings(Conn) of
ok ->
ReqHeaders = request_headers(Data),
case h2:request(Conn, ReqHeaders,
#{protocol =>
?MASQUE_CONNECT_UDP_PROTOCOL}) of
{ok, StreamId} -> {ok, Conn, StreamId};
{error, R} ->
h2:close(Conn), {error, {request, R}}
end;
{error, _} = Err ->
h2:close(Conn), Err
end;
{error, Reason} ->
{error, {connect, Reason}}
end.
verify_h2_peer_settings(Conn) ->
Settings = h2:get_peer_settings(Conn),
case maps:get(enable_connect_protocol, Settings, false) of
true -> ok;
1 -> ok;
_ -> {error, no_extended_connect}
end.
%% `h2:connect/3' merges `verify'/`cacerts' and `ssl_opts' into the
%% TLS socket options. We build the SNI + ALPN bits here and leave
%% user-supplied overrides intact.
build_ssl_opts(Opts) ->
Base = [{server_name_indication, host_to_sni(Opts)}],
UserOpts = maps:get(ssl_opts, Opts, []),
Base ++ UserOpts.
host_to_sni(Opts) ->
case maps:get(proxy, Opts) of
{H, _} when is_binary(H) -> binary_to_list(H);
{H, _} when is_list(H) -> H;
_ -> "localhost"
end.
request_headers(#data{proxy_host = ProxyHost, proxy_port = ProxyPort,
target_host = TargetHost, target_port = TargetPort,
uri_template = Template,
capsule_proto = CapProto,
extra_headers = Extra}) ->
Path = masque_uri:expand(Template, #{
target_host => TargetHost,
target_port => TargetPort
}),
Authority = build_authority(ProxyHost, ProxyPort),
Base = [
{<<":method">>, <<"CONNECT">>},
{<<":scheme">>, <<"https">>},
{<<":authority">>, Authority},
{<<":path">>, Path}
],
WithCap = case CapProto of
true -> Base ++ [{<<"capsule-protocol">>, <<"?1">>}];
false -> Base
end,
WithCap ++ Extra.
sanitise_extra_headers(List) when is_list(List) ->
Reserved = [<<":method">>, <<":scheme">>, <<":authority">>,
<<":path">>, <<":protocol">>, <<"capsule-protocol">>],
[{K, V} || {K, V} <- List,
is_binary(K), is_binary(V),
not lists:member(K, Reserved)].
%% Outbound: UDP payloads become DATAGRAM capsules whose inner
%% payload is `ContextId (varint) || UdpBytes'. Oversize payloads are
%% refused at the API boundary; capsule headers are a few extra bytes
%% and we size-check before framing.
send_out(#data{conn = Conn, stream_id = StreamId}, Ctx, Payload)
when is_integer(Ctx), Ctx >= 0 ->
PayloadSize = iolist_size(Payload),
case Ctx =:= ?MASQUE_CONTEXT_ID_UDP
andalso PayloadSize > ?MASQUE_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD of
true ->
{error, {payload_too_large, PayloadSize,
?MASQUE_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD}};
false ->
%% Context-ID varint || UDP bytes -> DATAGRAM capsule ->
%% stream body.
InnerIoData = masque_datagram:encode(Ctx, Payload),
Inner = iolist_to_binary(InnerIoData),
Capsule = iolist_to_binary(h2_capsule:encode(datagram, Inner)),
h2:send_data(Conn, StreamId, Capsule, false)
end.
%%====================================================================
%% Capsule decode loop (covers both DATAGRAM and extension capsules)
%%====================================================================
drain_capsules(Buf, Fin, #data{} = Data) ->
case h2_capsule:decode(Buf) of
{ok, {Type, Inner}, Rest} ->
Data2 = deliver_capsule(Type, Inner, Data),
drain_capsules(Rest, Fin, Data2#data{cap_buf = <<>>});
{more, _} when Fin, Buf =/= <<>> ->
client_stream_abort(truncated_capsule, Data);
{more, _} ->
{keep_state, Data#data{cap_buf = Buf}}
end.
deliver_capsule(datagram, Inner, Data) ->
case masque_datagram:decode(Inner) of
{ok, {?MASQUE_CONTEXT_ID_UDP, UdpBytes}}
when byte_size(UdpBytes) =< ?MASQUE_MAX_UDP_PAYLOAD ->
deliver_packet(UdpBytes, Data);
_ ->
Data
end;
deliver_capsule(Type, Inner, #data{owner = Owner} = Data)
when is_integer(Type) ->
Owner ! {masque_capsule, self(), Type, Inner},
Data.
client_stream_abort(Reason,
#data{conn = Conn, stream_id = StreamId,
pool_owner = Pool} = Data) ->
case is_pid(Pool) of
true ->
masque_upstream_owner:release_stream(Pool, StreamId);
false ->
%% HTTP/2 has no `H3_MESSAGE_ERROR'; use `protocol_error' (0x1).
_ = (try h2:cancel(Conn, StreamId, protocol_error) catch _:_ -> ok end),
ok
end,
_ = notify_owner_closed(Reason, Data),
{stop, Reason, Data}.
%%====================================================================
%% Response validation (mirrors the h3 session)
%%====================================================================
validate_response(Headers, #data{capsule_proto = CapsuleRequested}) ->
HasContentLength = header_present(<<"content-length">>, Headers),
HasContentType = header_present(<<"content-type">>, Headers),
CapsuleAck = case header_value(<<"capsule-protocol">>, Headers) of
<<"?1">> -> true;
_ -> false
end,
if
HasContentLength ->
{error, malformed_response};
HasContentType ->
{error, malformed_response};
CapsuleRequested andalso not CapsuleAck ->
{error, capsule_protocol_not_acknowledged};
true ->
ok
end.
header_present(Name, Headers) ->
lists:keyfind(Name, 1, Headers) =/= false.
header_value(Name, Headers) ->
case lists:keyfind(Name, 1, Headers) of
{_, V} -> V;
false -> undefined
end.
%%====================================================================
%% Rx buffering (identical to the h3 session)
%%====================================================================
handle_recv_call(From, Timeout, #data{rx_buf = Buf} = Data) ->
case queue:out(Buf) of
{{value, Bytes}, Buf2} ->
{keep_state, Data#data{rx_buf = Buf2},
[{reply, From, {ok, Bytes}}]};
{empty, _} ->
TRef = erlang:start_timer(Timeout, self(), {recv_timeout, From}),
{keep_state, Data#data{rx_waiters =
queue:in({From, TRef}, Data#data.rx_waiters)}}
end.
deliver_packet(UdpBytes, #data{mode = message, owner = Owner} = Data) ->
Owner ! {masque_data, self(), UdpBytes},
Data;
deliver_packet(UdpBytes, #data{mode = queue,
rx_waiters = Ws,
rx_buf = Buf} = Data) ->
case queue:out(Ws) of
{{value, {From, TRef}}, Ws2} ->
_ = erlang:cancel_timer(TRef),
gen_statem:reply(From, {ok, UdpBytes}),
Data#data{rx_waiters = Ws2};
{empty, _} ->
case queue:len(Buf) < 1000 of
true -> Data#data{rx_buf = queue:in(UdpBytes, Buf)};
false -> Data
end
end.
drop_waiter(TRef, From, #data{rx_waiters = Ws} = Data) ->
Ws2 = queue:filter(
fun({F, T}) when F =:= From, T =:= TRef ->
gen_statem:reply(F, {error, timeout}),
false;
(_) -> true
end, Ws),
Data#data{rx_waiters = Ws2}.
%%====================================================================
%% Misc
%%====================================================================
reply_handshake(#data{handshake_from = undefined}, _Reply) -> ok;
reply_handshake(#data{handshake_from = From}, Reply) ->
gen_statem:reply(From, Reply).
session_info(#data{target_host = H, target_port = P,
proxy_host = PH, proxy_port = PP}, State) ->
#{state => State, transport => h2,
proxy => {PH, PP}, target => {H, P}}.
cancel_timer(undefined) -> ok;
cancel_timer(Ref) -> _ = erlang:cancel_timer(Ref), ok.
notify_owner_closed(Reason, #data{owner = Owner, mode = message}) ->
Owner ! {masque_closed, self(), Reason};
notify_owner_closed(_Reason, _Data) -> ok.
swap_owner(NewOwner, #data{owner_ref = OldRef} = Data) ->
_ = erlang:demonitor(OldRef, [flush]),
NewRef = erlang:monitor(process, NewOwner),
Data#data{owner = NewOwner, owner_ref = NewRef}.
to_bin(X) when is_binary(X) -> X;
to_bin(X) when is_list(X) -> list_to_binary(X);
to_bin(X) when is_atom(X) -> atom_to_binary(X, utf8).
build_authority(Host, Port) ->
HostPart = case is_ipv6_literal(Host) of
true -> <<"[", Host/binary, "]">>;
false -> Host
end,
iolist_to_binary([HostPart, ":", integer_to_binary(Port)]).
is_ipv6_literal(Host) ->
case inet:parse_address(binary_to_list(Host)) of
{ok, {_, _, _, _, _, _, _, _}} -> true;
_ -> false
end.