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# Meck
A mocking library for Erlang.
* [Features](#features)
* [Examples](#examples)
* [Use](#use)
* [Manual Build](#manual-build)
* [Caveats](#caveats)
* [Contribute](#contribute)
## Features
See what's new in [0.8 Release Notes][release_notes_0.8].
* Dynamic return values using sequences and loops of static values
* Compact definition of mock arguments, clauses and return values
* Pass through: call functions in the original module
* Complete call history showing calls, return values and exceptions
* Mock validation, will invalidate mocks that were not called correctly
* Throwing of expected exceptions that keeps the module valid
* Throws an error when mocking a module that doesn't exist or has been
renamed (disable with option `non_strict`)
* Support for [Hamcrest][hamcrest] matchers
* Automatic backup and restore of cover data
* Mock is linked to the creating process and will unload automatically
when a crash occurs (disable with option `no_link`)
* Mocking of sticky modules (using the option `unstick`)
## Examples
Here's an example of using Meck in the Erlang shell:
```erlang
Eshell V5.8.4 (abort with ^G)
1> meck:new(dog, [non_strict]). % non_strict is used to create modules that don't exist
ok
2> meck:expect(dog, bark, fun() -> "Woof!" end).
ok
3> dog:bark().
"Woof!"
4> meck:validate(dog).
true
5> meck:unload(dog).
ok
6> dog:bark().
** exception error: undefined function dog:bark/0
```
Exceptions can be anticipated by Meck (resulting in validation still passing).
This is intended to be used to test code that can and should handle certain
exceptions indeed does take care of them:
```erlang
5> meck:expect(dog, meow, fun() -> meck:exception(error, not_a_cat) end).
ok
6> catch dog:meow().
{'EXIT',{not_a_cat,[{meck,exception,2},
{meck,exec,4},
{dog,meow,[]},
{erl_eval,do_apply,5},
{erl_eval,expr,5},
{shell,exprs,6},
{shell,eval_exprs,6},
{shell,eval_loop,3}]}}
7> meck:validate(dog).
true
```
Normal Erlang exceptions result in a failed validation. The following example is
just to demonstrate the behavior, in real test code the exception would normally
come from the code under test (which should, if not expected, invalidate the
mocked module):
```erlang
8> meck:expect(dog, jump, fun(Height) when Height > 3 ->
erlang:error(too_high);
(Height) ->
ok
end).
ok
9> dog:jump(2).
ok
10> catch dog:jump(5).
{'EXIT',{too_high,[{meck,exec,4},
{dog,jump,[5]},
{erl_eval,do_apply,5},
{erl_eval,expr,5},
{shell,exprs,6},
{shell,eval_exprs,6},
{shell,eval_loop,3}]}}
11> meck:validate(dog).
false
```
Here's an example of using Meck inside an EUnit test case:
```erlang
my_test() ->
meck:new(my_library_module),
meck:expect(my_library_module, fib, fun(8) -> 21 end),
?assertEqual(21, code_under_test:run(fib, 8)), % Uses my_library_module
?assert(meck:validate(my_library_module)),
meck:unload(my_library_module).
```
Pass-through is used when the original functionality of a module should be kept.
When the option `passthrough` is used when calling `new/2` all functions in the
original module will be kept in the mock. These can later be overridden by
calling `expect/3` or `expect/4`.
```erlang
Eshell V5.8.4 (abort with ^G)
1> meck:new(string, [unstick, passthrough]).
ok
2> string:strip(" test ").
"test"
```
It's also possible to pass calls to the original function allowing us to
override only a certain behavior of a function (this usage is compatible with
the `passthrough` option). `passthrough/1` will always call the original
function with the same name as the expect is defined in):
```erlang
Eshell V5.8.4 (abort with ^G)
1> meck:new(string, [unstick]).
ok
2> meck:expect(string, strip, fun(String) -> meck:passthrough([String]) end).
ok
3> string:strip(" test ").
"test"
4> meck:unload(string).
ok
5> string:strip(" test ").
"test"
```
## Use
Meck is best used via [Rebar 3][rebar_3]. Add Meck to the test dependencies
in your `rebar.config`:
```erlang
{profiles, [{test, [{deps, [meck]}]}]}.
```
### Manual Build
Meck uses [Rebar 3][rebar_3]. To build Meck go to the Meck directory
and simply type:
```sh
rebar3 compile
```
In order to run all tests for Meck type the following command from the same
directory:
```sh
rebar3 eunit
```
Documentation can be generated through the use of the following command:
```sh
rebar3 edoc
```
### Test Output
Normally the test output is hidden, but if EUnit is run
directly, two things might seem alarming when running the tests:
1. Warnings emitted by cover
2. An exception printed by SASL
Both are expected due to the way Erlang currently prints errors. The important
line you should look for is `All XX tests passed`, if that appears all is
correct.
Caveats
-------
Meck will have trouble mocking certain modules since Meck works by recompiling
and reloading modules. Since Erlang have a flat module namespace, replacing a
module has to be done globally in the Erlang VM. This means certain modules
cannot be mocked. The following is a non-exhaustive list of modules that can
either be problematic to mock or not possible at all:
* `erlang`
* `os`
* `crypto`
* `compile`
* `global`
* `timer` (possible to mock, but used by some test frameworks, like Elixir's
ExUnit)
Also, a meck expectation set up for a function _f_ does not apply to the module-
local invocation of _f_ within the mocked module. Consider the following module:
```erlang
-module(test).
-export([a/0, b/0, c/0]).
a() ->
c().
b() ->
?MODULE:c().
c() ->
original.
```
Note how the module-local call to `c/0` in `a/0` stays unchanged even though the
expectation changes the externally visible behaviour of `c/0`:
```erlang
3> meck:new(test, [passthrough]).
ok
4> meck:expect(test,c,0,changed).
ok
5> test:a().
original
6> test:b().
changed
6> test:c().
changed
```
## Contribute
Patches are greatly appreciated! For a much nicer history, please [write good
commit messages][commit_messages]. Use a branch name prefixed by `feature/`
(e.g. `feature/my_example_branch`) for easier integration when developing new
features or fixes for meck.
Should you find yourself using Meck and have issues, comments or feedback please
[create an issue here on GitHub][issues].
Meck has been greatly improved by [many contributors](https://github.com/eproxus/meck/graphs/contributors)!
### Donations
If you or your company use Meck and find it useful, [donations][liberapay] are greatly appreciated!
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