defmodule Membrane.RTP.TWCCReceiver do
  @moduledoc """
  The module defines an element responsible for recording transport-wide statistics of incoming packets
  and generating TWCC feedbacks.
  """
  use Membrane.Filter

  require Bitwise

  alias __MODULE__.PacketInfoStore
  alias Membrane.RTCP.TransportFeedbackPacket
  alias Membrane.RTP.Header
  alias Membrane.{RTCPEvent, RTP, Time}

  @feedback_count_limit Bitwise.bsl(1, 8)

  def_input_pad :input, accepted_format: RTP, availability: :on_request, demand_mode: :auto
  def_output_pad :output, accepted_format: RTP, availability: :on_request, demand_mode: :auto

  def_options twcc_id: [
                spec: 1..14,
                description: "ID of TWCC header extension."
              ],
              report_interval: [
                spec: Membrane.Time.t(),
                default: Membrane.Time.milliseconds(250),
                description: "How often to generate feedback packets."
              ],
              feedback_sender_ssrc: [
                spec: RTP.ssrc_t() | nil,
                default: nil,
                description:
                  "Sender SSRC for generated feedback packets (will be supplied by `RTP.SessionBin`)."
              ]

  defmodule State do
    @moduledoc false
    alias Membrane.RTP.TWCCReceiver.PacketInfoStore

    @type t :: %__MODULE__{
            twcc_id: 1..14,
            feedback_sender_ssrc: RTP.ssrc_t() | nil,
            report_interval: Time.t(),
            packet_info_store: PacketInfoStore.t(),
            feedback_packet_count: non_neg_integer(),
            media_ssrc: RTP.ssrc_t() | nil,
            buffered_actions: %{Pad.ref() => Qex.t()}
          }

    @enforce_keys [:twcc_id, :report_interval, :feedback_sender_ssrc]
    defstruct @enforce_keys ++
                [
                  packet_info_store: %PacketInfoStore{},
                  feedback_packet_count: 0,
                  media_ssrc: nil,
                  buffered_actions: %{}
                ]
  end

  @impl true
  def handle_init(_ctx, options) do
    {[], struct!(State, Map.from_struct(options))}
  end

  @impl true
  def handle_playing(_ctx, state) do
    {[start_timer: {:report_timer, state.report_interval}], state}
  end

  @impl true
  def handle_stream_format(Pad.ref(:input, ssrc), stream_format, ctx, state) do
    pad = Pad.ref(:output, ssrc)
    actions = [stream_format: {pad, stream_format}]

    if Map.has_key?(ctx.pads, pad),
      do: {actions, state},
      else: {[], buffer_actions(actions, pad, state)}
  end

  @impl true
  def handle_pad_added(pad, _ctx, state) do
    {actions, buffer} = Map.pop(state.buffered_actions, pad, [])
    {Enum.to_list(actions), %{state | buffered_actions: buffer}}
  end

  @impl true
  def handle_event(Pad.ref(direction, ssrc), event, ctx, state) do
    opposite_direction = if direction == :input, do: :output, else: :input
    pad = Pad.ref(opposite_direction, ssrc)
    actions = [event: {pad, event}]

    if Map.has_key?(ctx.pads, pad),
      do: {actions, state},
      else: {[], buffer_actions(actions, pad, state)}
  end

  @impl true
  def handle_pad_removed(Pad.ref(_direction, ssrc), _ctx, %State{media_ssrc: media_ssrc} = state) do
    if media_ssrc == ssrc do
      {[], %State{state | media_ssrc: nil}}
    else
      {[], state}
    end
  end

  @impl true
  def handle_process(Pad.ref(:input, ssrc), buffer, ctx, state) do
    {extension, buffer} = Header.Extension.pop(buffer, state.twcc_id)

    state =
      if extension != nil do
        <<seq_num::16>> = extension.data
        store = PacketInfoStore.insert_packet_info(state.packet_info_store, seq_num)

        %{state | packet_info_store: store, media_ssrc: state.media_ssrc || ssrc}
      else
        state
      end

    pad = Pad.ref(:output, ssrc)
    actions = [buffer: {pad, buffer}]

    if Map.has_key?(ctx.pads, pad),
      do: {actions, state},
      else: {[], buffer_actions(actions, pad, state)}
  end

  @impl true
  def handle_tick(:report_timer, ctx, %State{packet_info_store: store} = state) do
    if PacketInfoStore.empty?(store) or state.media_ssrc == nil do
      {[], state}
    else
      event = make_rtcp_event(state)

      state = %{
        state
        | packet_info_store: %PacketInfoStore{},
          feedback_packet_count: rem(state.feedback_packet_count + 1, @feedback_count_limit)
      }

      pad = Pad.ref(:input, state.media_ssrc)
      actions = [event: {pad, event}]

      if Map.has_key?(ctx.pads, pad),
        do: {actions, state},
        else: {[], buffer_actions(actions, pad, state)}
    end
  end

  @impl true
  def handle_end_of_stream(Pad.ref(:input, ssrc), ctx, state) do
    pad = Pad.ref(:output, ssrc)
    actions = [end_of_stream: pad]

    if Map.has_key?(ctx.pads, pad),
      do: {actions, state},
      else: {[], buffer_actions(actions, pad, state)}
  end

  defp make_rtcp_event(state) do
    %State{
      packet_info_store: store,
      feedback_packet_count: feedback_packet_count,
      feedback_sender_ssrc: feedback_sender_ssrc,
      media_ssrc: media_ssrc
    } = state

    stats =
      store
      |> PacketInfoStore.get_stats()
      |> Map.put(:feedback_packet_count, feedback_packet_count)

    %RTCPEvent{
      rtcp: %TransportFeedbackPacket{
        sender_ssrc: feedback_sender_ssrc,
        media_ssrc: media_ssrc,
        payload: struct!(TransportFeedbackPacket.TWCC, stats)
      }
    }
  end

  defp buffer_actions(actions, pad, state) do
    actions = Qex.new(actions)

    %State{
      state
      | buffered_actions: Map.update(state.buffered_actions, pad, actions, &Qex.join(&1, actions))
    }
  end
end